pelcmarek's picture
Walking on Eggshells


Three feet of ice not result from one day of freezing weather. 
An old chinese proverb

I was suprised how many real companies I was able to find from all listed companies. There are  many companies with loads of debt,companies based on promises,future patents,companies with no assets and cash flows etc.

It made me wonder: what happend to quality companies with no debt ,assets and real cash flows?

Last year, 926 companies were removed from the New York Stock Exchange, the AMEX and the Nasdaq. They were added to the Private Stock Market.

According to The Wall Street Journal, the returns from private equity investments triple the S&P 500 every year.Suprised ?

I'm not .It must be really hard to make any profit if you can pick only from the worst.

Here is the list of the biggest private equity firms.As you can see we are talking about beast that is really,really big. These companies usually target companies that have:

  • Low existing debt loads
  • A multi-year history of consistent and reliable cash flows
  • Hard assets (property, equipment, real-estate, inventory) that may be used as collateral for new debt
  • The potential for new management to make operational or other improvements to the firm to boost cash flows
  • Temporary market conditions that are depressing current valuation or stock price 

  •  Does it sound familiar ? It should- these requirements are similiar to W.Buffett's. Buffett is competing with private equity companies.The question is why nobody wants companies that are in debt, bad shape and are cheap ? 

    Now imagine this scenario: if market will go down like in 2000. All these private equity firms,Buffetts will start looking for bargains and what they will try to take private? You guessed it: real cash flow companies.

    I'm suprised why nobody asked this question: How comes W.B. didn't fall into internet bubble,credit bubble,real estate bubble,technology trap?
    Is it because he has a crystal ball or because he loves real cash flow ?

    These PE companies and Buffetts are watching and waiting. So, if prices of shares will go down and companies will start making more than 15% cash flow .They will move big time either for cash or as leveraged buyouts.

    If real companies have no debt,and steady cash flow then it should be much easier for investors to figure out how much are they worth.So they you should be rewarded much faster if they spot them soon.

    I like this example: lets have a look at a company that have no debt,steady cash flow and returns 10% cash/share.

    What will happen if the management will start buying the shares back ? What will happen if the management will lower the costs 2% and higher the prices 2%.

    Ideally in 6 years time - there will be no stocks left ! Growth fans will not even consider buying this non growing stock:-)

    Even for management its much easier to manage these companies.Have you ever heard about strategy of See's Candies ?

    What wasn't in Mohnish Pabrai's book

    I think Mohnish Pabrai has few mistakes in his strategy.

    First, it is good to distinguish what will your strategy do in bull market and in bear market.

    If you have bull market and you buy dips even from the chart you can see that it will be more profitable because dips will be at the end equal to non dips. (dip rose faster and higher than non dip )

    If you have a bear market and you buy dips you will end up in the trap (dip will start falling faster than non dip). 

    Now, let's have a look at Mohnish Pabrai's real picks you realise that he is playing games of turn arounds. If he is right he wins big time if he is wrong he loses badly.

    In a bull market he will not have so many deadly picks and he will have big winners. In bear market it will be the opposite.

    Why I'm talking about bull market and bear market ? When these are macro factors? Because turn-arounds are highly vulnerable to these macro facts. (they are higly in debt,they need financing etc. )

    Now lets make the calculation that wasn't in Mohnish Pabrai's book. 

    Portfolio manager will star with 1$ after 4 years time he will triple the money so his portfolio will be worth $3 then the last year will come the bear market and he will have 50% downturn. How much will be his portfolio worth?

    $1.5

    It means that if someone bought company that is growing steadily 10%a year.He will end up better off  his return would be 61% in comparison with Pabrai's 50%.

    The other thing is usually turn arounds don't pay dividends because they are distressed. So if you held on the company for 5 years ,the dividend guy will be at least 12.5% ahead (2.5%*5).

    Don'forget that even if you hold on the dividend paying company and you have paper loss - company still pays dividend and it is lowering your loss.This makes big difference in your portfolio result.

    Mohnish Pabrai is big W.B. follower but did he try to answer this question:

    Why W.B. doesn't play turn around ?  




    >  Why W.B. doesn't play

    Why W.B. doesn't play turn around ?  

    WEB and Peter Lynch have said, "Turnarounds rarely turn around".

    - Vooch

    RE:Why W.B. doesn't play turn around ?


    Nice !

    Laughing

    See's Candies


    In 1972 Buffett paid $25 million for See's.

    At the time, See's was earning $4 million pre-tax and about $2.5 million after tax, meaning Berkshire paid roughly 6.25 times pre-tax earnings and 10 times after-tax earnings.

    Let's assume Sees Candies didn't have any debt,cash and net income equals free cash flow.

    It means that Buffett would pay (entity value/share : free cash flow/share)=10 or otherwise (FCF/share : EV/share)=10%.

    What Buffett did with a company that didn't grow?

    Buffett increased the price every year 8.3% and increased volume 2.4% =11% annual growth.

    See's customers are extremely loyal and tolerate annual price increases.(strong brand,no competition )
     
    After 36 years company is still alive and compounding !


    Pabrai

    I don't think Pabrai is all about turnarounds.  He bets on situations where there is high uncertainty, confusion, or misunderstanding.  There is a big difference here.

    RE:Pabrai


    Let's assume for a while that Eric Sprott is right and we have massive bear market  in front of us.
    S&P 500 is down only 10% this year.

    Pabrai picks:

    Credit trap:
    DFC    = bankrupt
    CCRT  = -74%

    Airlines trap:
    PNCL  =  -60%
    ABXA  =  -50%

    Technology trap (casino software & online)
    CRYP =  -30%

    SHLD =  -30%
    RAIL =  -20%

    Mohnish Pabrai has ultra concentrated portfolio.It means he can feel every bad and good pick.If the market will go 15% down most probably (maybe I'm wrong) will market make low quality stocks even more cheaper. 

    This will bring Pabrai's portfolio even more down.

    Now why turn arounds ?

    PNCL,ABXA (ATSG)
    debt/equity=8.64
    negative free cash flow
    cyclical ,no dividend,high oil prices

    Right now I wouldn't pay a penny for a company that has enourmous debt,is losing money every quarter.

    Mohnish is betting not that the current condition will prevail,but  that things will improve - turn around. And what if not ?

    “If a capitalist had been present at Kittyhawk back in the early 1900s, he should have shot Orville Wright. He would have saved his progeny money. But seriously, the airline business has been extraordinary. It has eaten up capital over the past century like almost no other business because people seem to keep coming back to it and putting fresh money in.

    You've got huge fixed costs, you've got strong labor unions and you've got commodity pricing. That is not a great recipe for success. I have an 800 (free call) number now that I call if I get the urge to buy an airline stock. I call at two in the morning and I say: “My name is Warren and I'm an aeroholic.” And then they talk me down.”

                                                            Warren Buffett 

    PS:I agree with Pabrai that the idea: head I win and tail I don't lose much sounds great,but IMHO it will hardly work because you can lose a lot on turn arounds (companies that have to improve themselves to be worth something).

    Pabrai and PNCL

    I really like PNCL.  I don't think it's a turn around -- it is just misunderstood.  If you read the annual report, the company does not pay for fuel.  Their cash flows are around $30 million per year.  At a market cap of $120 million, that seems pretty cheap to me.  My biggest concern with that stock is that Pinnacle's business depends on other airlines like Delta Air Lines which could have problems.

    PNCL and Delta Airlines

    PNCL fell some 25% today because Delta is trying to terminate their contract with them.  The market has overreacted in my opinion because the Delta contract is only 5% of PNCL's revenues.

    RE:PNCL


    1.PNCL is exposed to jet fuel prices through its 100% daughter-company Colgan Airlines.

    2.Northwest filed for bankruptcy in 2005. At the time, Pinnacle derived 100% of its revenues from Northwest.At the start of 2008, Northwest accounted for a staggering 75% of Pinnacle's revenue.

    3.Agreements with Northwest make the number of passengers flown on an outsourced Pinnacle flight irrelevant because the firm receives the same profit if its planes are empty or full.Surprised
    How long can these agreements last ?

    4.Beginning in 2008, the amended Northwest ASA agreement removed Pinnacle's minimum operating margin. Furthermore, the agreement created an operating margin ceiling, requiring Pinnacle to remit the excess profits to Northwest.

    5.Operating margins plummeted to 6.6% in 2007 from 14.4% in 2002.

    If I understand it correctly this company was under water in the past and it can go under water again.

    IMHO this is turn-around.

      

    Another bad day for Mohnish


    PNCL down 25%  today
    CCRT down 25% today